I personally found this very useful when the Instant Search just completely broke. It returned nothing at all, and I needed to find a message quickly… so I just disabled the index temporarily.
Note: I’m not recommending that you just go and try this. Only use this as a troubleshooting technique, and only if you backup first.
Disable Instant Search
Click the tiny drop-down arrow next to the Instant Search box, and then choose Search Options from the menu.
You’ll see a list of your data files or .pst files here, and you’ll want to remove the checks next to each one.
When you close the dialog you’ll get an extremely wide message telling you that you will need to exit and re-open Outlook.
Now when you restart Outlook, the search will work just like the old versions of Outlook did. That’s right, it will be painfully slow.
To reverse these changes you can simply complete the same steps, but make sure to check the boxes. Note that when you re-enable Windows will rebuild the search index again, so it won’t be available for a while.