If you know the name of the executable, you can use the which command to find the location of the binary, but that doesn’t give you information on where the supporting files might be located.
There’s an easy way to see the locations of all the files installed as part of the package, using the dpkg utility.
Example: I had installed davfs2, but I wasn’t sure where the configuration file was, so I ran this command:
Well, now I don’t have to wonder anymore. The conf file is clearly /etc/davfs2/davfs2.conf. If I wanted to see just what files were installed into /etc, you could always grep the output like this:
Even easier to read.
davfs2: /etc/davfs2/secretsdavfs2: /etc/davfs2/davfs2.confdavfs2: /etc/davfs2
Update: Changed from -S to -L thanks to a tip from sebest.